Internal-combustion engine



April 20 1926 1 R. F. CRAWFORD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE xmea lsept. 13 ,v 1925 .2 sheets-sheet 1 1 9 1I. 8 5, l D. R. O F. w A R C F. R.

April 20 i926.

Ffiled sept. 13, 1923 2 sneetsfsheet 2 Patented Apr. 20, 1326.

UNHTE STATES PATENT 4OFFICE.

`RALPH F. CRAWFORD, OF SALINA, KANSAS.

INTEBNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application led September 13, 1923. Serial No. 662,495.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, RALPH l?. Cnawrorn, a citizen of the VUnited States, residing at Salina, in the county of Saline and State ot Kansas, have iiiade a certain new and useful Invention in internal-Combustion Engines', of which the following is a specification.

Figure 1 is a central longitudinalseciion through an internal coi'nbnstion engine cnibodying Jrhe invention.

Figure 2, is a section taken on line 2-2, Figurel. I v

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic sectional 'view of a Working cylinder, showingr the position of the parts with the intake port open.

Figurel 4 is a similar view, showing the vexhaust port closed bythe piston.

Figure is a similar View, With the exhaust port closed by the sleeve.

Figure 6 is a similar view', with the exhaust port open.

'The invention has relation tointernal com` l bastion engines, having for an object the provision of an improved two-cycle engine wherein the charge will be fully pre-compressed before delivery to .the workingcylinders, and wherein a minimum number of working parts are employed and a high degrec of etiioiency is obtained. Other ob]ects and advantages will hereinafter appear.

The invention consists in the novel construction aiid combinations of parte, -as set itoith in the appended claims.v p I .In the accompanying drawings, illustrating' the invention, the numerals 1Z 1, designate the working cylinders, provided with pistons 2 having; the usual driving connectionwitli crank shaft 3. Adpcent to each working cylinder andprefera-bly coininion to` a plurality thereof arcomp'ression cylinder 4, providedv with a piston 5 driven fi'oni s hatt 3 by suitable means, as for instancczthe crank shaft 6. having' two-to-one gearing 7 with said main crank shaft. Intake `ports 8 conneet the compression and workcylinders.

the latter being provided with sleeve valves 9 having corresponding portsl 10, and ports 11 of the sleeves cooperating with the exhaust ports 12. The sleeve valves are operated preferably by cams 13, mounted upon crank shaft 3. The compression cylinder el is pro.

vided. with a supply port 14, communicating with the carburetor 15 -and controlled by -a sleeve valve 1G, a check valve or other suitable device.

The operation of the engine is as follows:

Upon the suction stroke thereof piston 5 will di'awa charge of fuel through port 14 l into cylinder 4, and valve 1'6 thereupon closing, the con'ipression stroke of the piston will place the charge in cylinder bunder la high degree of compression. The follower' 17 of one of the cams 13 will now rise upon the high pointlS-'of the cani, raising the related sleeve 9 and thereby bringing ports 8,

and 10 into registration and establishing the intake to cylinder 1. The crank arm of piston 2 has at this time advanced approximate` lv 275 from upper dead center, approxiiiiately 10 behind the crank arm of piston 5, so that sutlicient time is allowed for the ,completion of the intake land the closing of port before the firing position of the pistonv 2 is reached. The closing of Iport S by' the follower 17 dropping to the dwell 19 of camil will briingY ports 11 and 12 into registration, but during the first quarter rotation of its crank arm' piston 2 will cover these exL I linust ports, at the completion of which movement follower 17 will drop to the low ppint- 20 ofthe cam, bringing the ports l1l and 12 out of register. As the crank arm ot' piston 2 reaches a point approximately ,below upper dead center, follower 17 will rise to the dwell 21 of cam 13, bringing ports lland 12 into registration and estab.

lithing the exhaust, which will continue until the rise of the follower to the high point 18,'when the exhaustl port will be closed and the intake again opened.

While the piston 2 of one cylinder is upon the tiring stroke, piston ivill again draw inand compress a charge of fuel, which will be delivered tothe opposite working cylinder, the two cylinders, having piston crank arms set 130 apart, being thus charged alternately.

Owing *to4 the rapidity of'action of t-he compression piston 5, it desirable that the fuelbe delivered to cylinder 4 under superatinospheric pressure. .,-in` order to insure rapid and complete charging of s aid-cylinder, to equalize the resistance and to secure a maximum' effectiveness of carburetion.

F or this purpose alow compressionfchamber 22 is inseitedbetween port 14 and carburetorl 15. said chamber being provided With a suitable pump 23, shown as a-rotary pump geared at 24 to the crank shaft 3.

The grouping of compression and Working'cylinders shown is subject to extensive modificationv without departure from the spiritl of the present ini'ention` aerortlingzjlto which any number ot' either sneh eylinders may be employed, variously related to each other and to theeranl'; shaft.

The engine, being.,Y comp-Mt. light ot' weight, simple in operation i eil lmIanCQtl, and capable of .developing high degree ot power, is adapted for use as a vehicle, nirplane. marine or stationary engine.

I claim:

l. In an internal combustion engine, a plurality of working` c vlintlers, pistons therein, and means for supplying charges of' fuel tosaid cylinders, including" a compression Cylinder and a pist-on therein adapted both to draw in a charge of fuel and to toll;v pre-compress the same while one of the working pistons is upon its explosion stroke.

2. In an internal combustion engine` tiro Working cylinders, pistons therein, a eranlt shaft connected to said pistons, a compres sion cylinder located between said working: eylindeis, a piston therein. and an anni iary crank shaft connected to said lastnamed piston, the auxiliary shattmonnted in bearings and lying Wholly between the working pistons.

3. In an internal combustion engine, two vn.orking' cylinders, pistons therein`r a crank shaft connected to said pistons, a compression Cylinder located hetween said Working'4 cylinders, a piston there-in, and an auxiliary crank shaft connected to said iastnamed piston, said cylinders and shafts nav-- l5 ing their'axes lying in a common plane.

4. In 'an internal combustion engine, a

item91.

Working' cylinder, a piston therein, a `conipi'ession cylinder, a piston therein, an intake port connecting smid cylinders, an exhaust port in the n'oifliingeylinder, a sleeve in the working Cylinder havingt intake and exhaust ports, and operatingmeans for said sleeve adapted to hold said intake ports normally out of registration and said exhaust ports normally in registration. to bring the intal'e ports into registration during' a given portion of theY cycle and to move the exhaust ports out ot registration during the diainetrieally opposite portion of the cycle.

In an internal combustion engine, two Working cylinders, pistons therein, and nwans Yl'or supplllving a charge ot fuel alternately to said cylinders, includingr a cornpression cylinder, a piston therein, n two-toone ratio driving' Connection between the compression and vworking pistons, and means for supplying fuel at super-atinosn plierie pressure to said compression cylinder.

(i. In an internal combustion engine, two working cylinders, pistons therein, and

is ,tor supplying a charge of fuel alter- .f eli' to said cylinders, including a co1n presion cylinder, a piston therein, a twoto-ene ratio driving' connection between the compression and Working pistons, and rotary pump 'means for supplying fuel to said compression cylinder.

In imony whereof I aix my signature.

RALPH F. CRIVFORD. 

